Believing that they are "special" and unique and can only be understood by, or should associate with, other special or high-status people (or institutions).Preoccupation with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, or ideal love.The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) describes NPD as possessing at least five of the following nine criteria. 8.3 Comparison to other personality disorders.3.2 Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory.2.5 Masterson's subtypes (exhibitionist and closet).2.1 Grandiose/overt and vulnerable/covert.However, there is an almost complete lack of studies determining the effectiveness of treatments. Psychotherapeutic treatments generally fall into two categories: psychoanalytic/ psychodynamic and cognitive behavioral therapy, with growing support for integration of both in therapy. Its high comorbidity with other mental disorders influences treatment choice and outcomes. Criteria for diagnosing personality disorders are listed in the fifth chapter of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and in the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). These patterns develop by early adulthood, and are associated with significant distress or impairment. Personality disorders are a class of mental disorders characterized by enduring and inflexible maladaptive patterns of behavior, cognition, and inner experience, exhibited across many contexts and deviating from those accepted by any culture. It is often comorbid with other mental disorders and associated with significant functional impairment and psychosocial disability. Narcissistic personality disorder is one of the sub-types of the broader category known as personality disorders. Narcissistic personality disorder ( NPD) is a mental disorder characterized by a life-long pattern of exaggerated feelings of self-importance, an excessive need for admiration, a lack of empathy for others, and interpersonally exploitative behavior.
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